this study was conducted to determine the effects of different water and nitrogen application levels on drip-irrigated tomato plants. the amount of water usage was based upon the pan evaporation from a screened (class “a”) evaporation pan. the treatments consisted of two irrigation intervals (i1= 5 days and i2= 10 days), three plant-pan coefficients (kcp1= 0.50; kcp2= 0.75 and kcp3= 1.00) and t...

introduction: evaporation and evapotranspiration are two major components of hydrological cycle which are very important for agricultural studies as well as water resources management. so far, various methods have been addressed for the estimation of daily reference crop evapotranspiration (et0). among them, fao penman-montieth 56 (pmf-56) (allen et al., 1998) is widely used as a standard metho...

this study aimed at determining the evapotranspiration and crop coefficient (kc) of sugar beet during the plant growth using drainage lysimeter by using water balance and experimental methods for three years in shahrekord. after sugar beet planting and out of lysimeter, evapotranspiration was measured weekly and monthly by measuring the factors of the water- balance equation. results showed tha...

reference evapotranspiration is an important parameter in irrigation systems' design that is evaluated through either direct (lysimeter) or calculated method (empirical equations). when there is a lack of lysimeters' data, penman monteith fao method could be employed as a standard method for evaluating the other empirical methods' results. in this research, 13 year evaporation pa...

i) Install the un-notched beam (see Fig. 1) in the four-point flexure loading fixture ii) Attach the load pan (Note: The combined pan/fixture mass is ~0.980 kg) iii) Apply two10-kg masses one at a time to the load pan. iv) With the polarizer and analyzer crossed (dark field), focus the camera, and record the image using the thermal printer v) Determine the maximum fringe orders at the top and b...

In real time remote sensing it is necessary to know the quality of images obtained from the different satellite sensors. Pan-sharpening enhances the spatial information of input raw multispectral images. This paper focuses on the evaluation and analysis of eight frequently used image quality assessment methods to determine the preservation of spectral and spatial integrity in the pan-sharpened ...